Until the Middle Ages, communities are discriminated between s? and struggling for power. But in the centuries that followed, the Bible, the economy? Ay science allied to create a fen? New phenomenon: the jerarqu? To the race. There is racism when a group? Tnico or unified hist? Rich dominates, excludes, or attempts to eliminate other differences, claiming that it considers inherited and unchangeable. Seg? N this concept, based ideol? Tion of racism hold? Quote was forged? in the West during the Middle Ages: before that period, is not in Europe or in other cultures any clear evidence and inequity? vocabulary of racism than mere Discrimination? no rivalry.
Quiz? S the first one? To this visitor? N racist in the world lies in the association? N the darkness? GOS with the devil and witches? To popular in the minds of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The mona? No official of these behaviors appeared? m? s late in the Espa? to the sixteenth century with DISCRIMINATION? ny exclusive? n of the Jewish? he converts and their descendants.
In the Renaissance and the? Little of the Reformation, Europeans had ever m? S contacts with peoples of pigmentaci? Nm? S dark from? Africa, Asia and Am? Rich, and started to comment on them. Although the African slave trade was weak? primarily driven econ? monkeys (New World plantations needed their work), the version No official was that they were infidels. Traders and masters of slaves were justified in interpreting a passage from the G? NESIS: Cam, claimed, committed? a sin against his father, no?, which condensed? their descendants (presumably blacks) to be? servants of the servants?. When in 1667 the state of Virginia decrees? Slaves who converted safety? being an slaves? not because they were infidels, but because Descend? of an infidel?, the justificaci? n from the slavery of blacks dej? to be religious and pas? to be racial. At the end of the seventeenth century, in the English colonies of North America? Rich were passed laws that banned? An marriages between whites and blacks, and that discriminated against children born of mixed blood informal relations. Without openly declare such laws meant that blacks were so inequities? Vocabulary foreign and inferior.

In the Age of Enlightenment, the Teor? As secular or scientific? Photo on the race, replacing the influence of the Bible and its visitors? N of the essential unity of the human race. TNC? Logos of the eighteenth century as Linnaeus, Buffon and Blumenbach believed that humans were part of the natural world and subdivided into 3 or 5 races, usually considered a variety of? Nica human species. But in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, a n? Mere growing of writers, especially the defenders of slavery, maintained that the races
constitutional? an different species.

The nineteenth century was characterized? by emancipaci? No, nationalism and imperialism, which contributed to the rise of racism ideol? logical in Europe and the United States. Although emancipaci? N of blacks and the departure of the Jewish "Children of the ghettos were supported by people believers and mostly secular growth? On an equal among men, it is certain that resulted in a intensificaci? Of n racism. The relations between different races became less r? Protected woman? Rquicamente, but m? S competitive. The insecurity linked to the incipient industrial capitalism justified? b? search for scapegoats. The concepts of Darwinian? Struggle for life? and? survival m? s strong? encouraged the development of a new kind of racism more scientific basis? means.
It was nationalism, and specifically a kind of cultural nationalism rom? Ntico one? To the heritage? Tnico (from the standpoint of blood) to a sense of collective identity, which marc? the birth of a new variant of racist thought, especially in Germany. Between the end of a "Children 1870 and early 1880, the accumulated? Ers of t Terms? Semitism? affirmed hold? explicitly what some cultural nationalists hab? an outlined before: being Jewish? or Germany did not mean s? what adhere to a kind of religious belief or pr? cultural practices, but belong to a race that was the ant? thesis from that with which the Germans were identified aut? NTIC.


The height of racism:
In the late nineteenth century Western imperialism reached its apogee. The? Fight for? Africa? and raids in parts of Asia and the Pac? were a graphic is confirmed? n nationalism? tnico competitive than previously thought exist? between European nations (and that, ra? z-war between Espa? ay United States, Include? this? last pa? s). Tambi? No constitutional? To reivindicaci? N, with a purported scientific basis? Mean, that the Europeans have? Year for his birth right to govern the Africans and so? Ticos.
However, it was in the twentieth century when the history of racism to achieve? its heyday, with the boom and the ca? gives the reg? opinions openly racist. In South America, the segregationist laws and restrictions on voting rights for blacks fell to the population? N African-American to a lower caste status. The fear of pollution? N sexual violation? Nya mixed marriages was so intense that it is? to prevent the conjugal unions between whites and all those whose African descent were known or perceptible outside.
Nazi Germany leads? ideology? a racist until its end to try to exterminate an entire group? tnico. They say after that? S of the Hitler t Terms racism has connotations worst. The desaprobaci? N moral causing worldwide acts of the Nazis and scientific studies? Scientists who defend the gene? Racist policy (eugenics) have helped to discredit the scientific racism? Traffic, which prior to World War II era influential and respected in the U.S. and Europe.
Racism hold? Also cited? N was severely criticized by the birth of new nations to ra? Z of the descolonizaci? N? Africa and Asia. In the U.S., the Civil Rights Movement that achievement? segregaci outlaw? n racial and Discrimination? n in a "Children 1960, was favored by the growing feeling that abuse and ill-treatment? an blacks in the United States Constitution? an a threat to national interests . In the competitions? N with the Uni? N Sovi? Policy to conquer? The heart? Ny mind? the pa? African countries and so? ticos independent, the discriminatory system of law known as Jim Crow became? in a dick? Enza national pod? start to have consequences? gicamente negative.
The r? South African regime was? Surviving single in the Second World War and the war fr? A. The laws passed in 1948 that banned? An sex and marriages between different? Population groups? N?, And ordered that the Métis and ten Africans? Year to live in? Separate residential areas, showed a clear obsession? No by the? purity of the breed?. However, the advice? No widespread in the world to ra? Z of the Holocaust led to the advocates of apartheid to justify that? Separate development? for cultural reasons and not f? sicos.
The defeat of Nazi Germany, the end of the segregaci? N race in South America and the instauraci? N of a government of the majority? To South? Africa suggest that the reg? Volumes based on racism biol ? logical or cultural purity belong to the past. However, racism does not require the support hold? Quote and total state and its laws, nor an ideologue? To focus on the concept of inequality biol? Belgium. DISCRIMINATION? N by institutions and individuals against whom belong to another race can survive and even thrive without having clear racist, as historians have noted recently in Brazil. Hiding after allegedly rooted cultural differences to justify DISCRIMINATION? N against migrants pa? Developing countries (whether the Algerians in France, Turks in Germany, the pakistan? Is in England or the Mexicans in the United States) resembles a new form of "cultural racism", despite the rejection hold? quote of the dominant groups of any kind of superiority biol? Belgium.


THE FIGHT:
Some people in the world want to fight exclusively? N, DISCRIMINATION? No, intolerance, xenophobia, racism. Therefore Acknowledge an equal value between humans, something that is not the same as an equal essence. To do this recognition, it is assumed that is? c? modamente based on an alleged evidence or transcendental necessity of human rights. However, as? simple as it sounds, this so-called paradoxes evident engenders sensitivities of the first magnitude.

The identity and otherness: Identity is "the perceptions? N a collective 'we' relatively homogenous? Neo (seen from inside the group) by opposition? The na? Others? (From outside the group) (Fossart, 1983) .

Such perceptions? N collective is both tangible and intangible. Whatever this community, its members share a territory, history and culture spec? Scientists, that make them feel "id? Nticos." But ning? No human group defines itself and be self-m? S that for the opposition? Na the way it perceives and defines human to another group, which considers different s?.
View in this regard, the identity is not? m located? s all? of conscience and the will of men; m? s right, is a social reality. The ingredients that composing, the result of the symbiosis between the individual and the group developed a "cocktail of an extraordinary potential," which has the full force of the primary impulses of g? Nero human. Therefore, it appears constantly in our language, the sayings in the POES? To, in philosophy? Ay in folklore: in "I am who I am" Calder? N de la Barca, in the "I am the one who I am and I do not look like Naiden "of Mexican folklore; in the" I am not I "by Juan Ram? n, in the words of Jorge Luis Borges," that rare thing we are, and a large ", in" All I am I "by Miguel de Unamuno, or, finally, in Herman? chasm f? rmula of Arthur Rimbaud? je est un autre? (? Me is another?).

The collective identity is then an idea in his head and a feeling in the guts of many who live as' id? Nticos. " But it is not a simple idea, but to rev? S, is a powerful idea.